WHO.TXT////////AXX44PAndrews, Roy Chapman: January 26, 1884 - March 11, 1960. He was the real Indiana Jones. His fame derives from his leadership of a series of expeditions to Mongolia (1921-1930) by the American Museum of Natural History, and his popular books about his explorations of "Lost Worlds." In 1935 he succeeded Henry Fairfield Osborn as director of the American Museum of Natural History. He served in that capacity until 1942, when he retired to write a series of very popular books. Brown, Barnum: February 12, 1873 - February 5, 1963. One of the greatest field paleontologists of all time to collect dinosaurs. The Cretaceous Hall of dinosaurs at the American Museum of Natural History is a tribute to his remarkable ability. Brown worked at the museum for more than sixty years. It was his success along the Red Deer River in Alberta that started the famous "Dinosaur Rush" of 1911-1916. Buckland, William: March 12, 1784 - August 15, 1856. Buckland was born in Devonshire, England. He was not only a Dean at Oxford University, but also an ordained minister, eventually becoming Dean of Westminster Abbey. He spent much of his life trying to reconcile the word of the Bible with geological phenomena. Along with some other geologists, Buckland proposed the idea that the biblical Deluge in the Book of Genesis could explain most of the fossils found in the rocks. His major contribution to paleontology was to give the first published name to a dinosaur, Megalosaurus. Colbert, Edwin Harris: September 28, 1905 - present. "Mr. Dinosaur" to two generations of Americans. For a quarter century, his popular books were the only access for many people to the "insiders" world of dinosaurs. His major contribution to paleontology is the excavation of the Ghost Ranch quarry in New Mexico to collect a large assemblage of Coelophysis. The skeletons were discovered in 1947 by his research assistant. In 1943 Colbert became Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology at the American Museum of Natural History, and later was chairman of the department. Cope, Edward Drinker: July 28, 1840 - April 12, 1897. Born and raised in Philadelphia. He then toured Europe during the Civil War, where he visited the large museums, studied their collections, and befriended many of the leading scientists. In 1870 he began describing fossils collected from the western territories. Cope's career was guided by his mentor, Joseph Leidy. During the seventies Cope's fierce rivalry with O. C. Marsh escalated when they each found vast numbers of dinosaur bones in the Late Jurassic rocks of Colorado and Wyoming. Currie, Philip: March 13 - present. Dr. Currie attained his Ph.D. in 1981 from McGill University in Canada. From 1976 through 1981 he was on the staff of the Provincial Museum and Archives of Alberta. In 1981 he joined the newly built Tyrell Museum of Palaeontology near Drumheller, Alberta, where he is in charge of research on dinosaurs. From 1986 until 1990 Currie co-led the joint Sino- Canadian Dinosaur expeditions, and he is one of the leading scientists doing research on the paleobiology of theropods. Cuvier, Georges Lopold Chrtien Frdric Dagobert: August 23, 1789 - March 13, 1832. Cuvier was the father of both Comparative Anatomy and Vertebrate Paleontology. In 1785 he joined the Museum of Natural History in Paris, and worked with anatomist Etienne Geoffroy Saint- Hilaire. In 1812, Cuvier made the "blasphemous" idea of extinction acceptable. Shortly after Gideon Mantell collected his specimen of Iguanodon, and before he knew what it was, Mantell sent it to Paris with Charles Lyell to show to Cuvier, who thought it was the upper incisor of a rhinoceros! Dollo, Louis Antoine Marie Joseph: December 7, 1857 - April 19, 1931. In 1877 Dollo graduated in Mining Engineering from the University of Lille. Dollo's interest in fossils inspired him to become a self-taught paleontologist, and in 1882 he joined the staff at the Museum of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels - in 1909 he was appointed a professor at the University of Brussels. Dollo's chief claim to fame lies with his many papers on the anatomy of Iguanodon, which he had based on a series of skeletons excavated from a coal mine 1056 feet under the village of Bernissart. Dong, Zhiming. 1937 - present: Chief dinosaur paleontologist of the People's Republic of China, on the staff of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology at the Academia Sinica in Beijing. His first supervisor there was C. C. Young, founder of the Institute and father of vertebrate paleontology in China. Dong has collected in every province of China, and his most important discoveries were in the Zigong quarries of Sichuan Province. This locality is now one of the most productive dinosaur beds in the world. Douglass Earl: October 28, 1862 - January 13, 1931. Working for the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Douglass set out in 1909 to prospect for dinosaur fossils in the Uinta Mountains of Utah. After discovering a prolific site near Jensen, Utah, Douglass worked many years and endured numerous hardships in collecting specimens for Carnegie. It was mainly through his efforts that this site was designated Dinosaur National Monument. Farlow, James O.: February 7, 1951 - present. Born and raised in Indiana, Farlow graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Zoology from Indiana University. He then went to Yale University for a doctorate where he studied not only paleontology, but also ecology, herpetology, and marine biology. Farlow's decision to become a paleontologist dates back to his childhood when he saw the Walt disney movie, "Fantasia." His most important contributions include theoretical models of dinosaur paleoecology, and the thermoregulatory function of the plates on Stegosaurus. Forster, Catherine A.: June 8, 1956 - present. Forster obtained her Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1990. Prior to that she was instrumental in creating the new Dinosaur Hall at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. Forster is most noted for her study of the systematics and diversity of ceratopsians, field work in Triassic rocks of Argentina, the osteology of Tenontosaurus, and cladistic studies in ornithischians. Galton, Peter M.: March 14, 1942 - present. Born and raised in London, Peter Galton earned his Ph.D. by studying Hypsilophodon. In 1967 he joined the staff at Yale University, then moved to the University of Bridgeport in 1970. Galton has named more than 10 dinosaurs, including Othneilia; and together with Hans-Dieter Sues, the pachycephalosaurs Stygimoloch and Ornatotholus. His 1970 paper on running in hadrosaurs is a landmark in functional morphology. Gilmore, Charles Whitney: March 11, 1874 - September 27, 1945. Gilmore is one of the most underrated vertebrate paleontologists of this century. His monographs on Apatosaurus, Allosaurus, Ceratosaurus, and Camptosaurus are of outstanding quality. Gilmore began his career at the Smithsonian in 1904 as a preparator of vertebrate fossils, and ended in 1940 as a full curator, a position he had held since 1923, even though he never obtained a doctorate. While at the Smithsonian, he either led or participated in sixteen major fossil collecting expeditions. Glut, Donald F.: February 19, 1944 - present. Glut wrote the first "Dinosaur Dictionary" in 1972, "The Dinosaur Scrapbook" in 1980, and many books co-authored with others, most recently, "Dinosaur Encyclopedia," with Don Lessem in 1993. He is the world's leading authority on dinosaurs in film. Granger, Walter: November 7, 1872 - September 6, 1941. (In the night.) A geologist at the American Museum of Natural History who is best known for his leadership and mapping during the Mongolian expeditions of 1921-1930. It was this series of expeditions that produced the first skeletons of Protoceratops, Pinacosaurus, Velociraptor, Oviraptor, Saurornithoides, Bactrosaurus, and Gilmoreosaurus. Gurche, John: October 30, 1951 - present. Gurche is one of the most talented artists of paleontological restorations of this century. His most important works are the "Tower of Time" in the Smithsonian Institution; the cover on the book, "The Dinosaur Heresies;" the painting of Barosaurus for the American Museum of Natural History; illustrations for the book, "The Rise of Life;" and the dinosaur paintings in the issue of National Geographic for January, 1993. His work has a "kodachrome-like" photographic quality. Gurche has never had an art course. Harryhausen, Raymond: June 19, 1920 - Present. Harryhausen was a protege of Willis O'Brien and went on to make first-rate animation sequences of dinosaurs and other prehistoric reptiles in such classics of film as "Valley of the Gwangi," "The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms," and "One Million B.C." Hatcher, John Bell: October 11, 1861 - July 3, 1904. Hatcher was one of the greatest vertebrate paleontologists of all time. From 1883 until 1893 he was a collector for O. C. Marsh of Yale University. Hatcher's expedition to the Lance Creek area of Wyoming led to the discovery from 1889- 1891 of over thirty skulls of Triceratops. From 1893 until 1900 he was Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology at Princeton University. From 1900 until his untimely death at age 43 of typhoid fever, Hatcher was a curator at Pittsburgh's Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Hawkins, Benjamin Waterhouse: February 8, 1807 - 1889 (in obscurity). This well-known sculptor and painter of the nineteenth century made the dinosaurs at the Crystal Palace in Sydenham, England, and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Many of his paintings are still on display in the Geology Building at Princeton University. Horner, John R.: 1946 - present. Curator at the Museum of the Rockies in Bozeman, Montana. Horner is well-known for his joint discovery with Robert Makela of nesting colonies of Maiasuara; his discovery of the first-known dinosaur embryo; his theories on dinosaur parenting; and his research into dinosaur growth history and metabolisism based on histological studies of bone. Janensch, Werner: November 10, 1878 - October 29, 1969. Janensch was a paleontologist on the staff of the Museum of Natural History at Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany. He gained fame as the scientist who led many of the expeditions to Tendaguru, east Africa, and described the dinosaurs the museum collected there. The only mounted specimen of Brachiosaurus in the world is due to his efforts. Knight, Charles R. October 21, 1874 - April 15, 1953. Born and raised in New York City, Knight is a legendary artist, the first to paint realistic restorations of dinosaurs. He also was one of the rare Natural history artists who dissected animals so that his restorations were anatomically accurate. In 1935 he published a classic book, "Before the Dawn of History," and his 1946 book, "Life through the Ages," became a valuable collector's item. Knight's works are on display in many museums - his art influenced several generations of scientists. Lambe, Lawrence M.: August 27, 1863 - March 12, 1919. Lambe was appointed vertebrate paleontologist on the Geological Survey of Canada in 1904. He opened the eyes of the paleontological world to the significance of the dinosaur-bearing sediments along the Red Deer River in Alberta, Canada. Lambe's most notable works include the description and naming of some of those dinosaurs collected by the Sternberg family. Well-known dinosaurs among the ones he named are Styracosaurus; Centrosaurus; Chasmosaurus; and Gorgosaurus, now known as Albertosaurus. Leidy, Joseph T.: September 9, 1923 - April 10, 1891. Leidy was the Father of American Vertebrate Paleontology, and was the first to describe the American dinosaurs in 1856. He was not only a professor of anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania, but also the curator of paleontology at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. It was Leidy's description of Hadrosaurus in 1858 which proved that some dinosaurs walked erect and were bipedal. In his life, Leidy published about 600 scientific works. Lull, Richard Swann: November 6, 1867 - April 22, 1957. Lull graduated from Columbia University under the supervision of H. F. Osborn. He came to Yale University in 1906, where he had one of the most prolific careers in dinosaur paleontology, in spite of being partially handicapped. Three major publications are "Triassic Life in the Connecticut Valley," "A Revision of the Ceratopsia or Horned Dinosaurs," and "The Hadrosaurian Dinosaurs of North America." Lull's textbook, "Organic Evolution," was required reading at the college level for more than a generation. Madsen, James: July 28, 1932 - present. Raised and educated in Utah, Jim Madsen was always interested in dinosaurs. At the University of Utah he began his tutelage under William Stokes. Madsen specialized in the rocks of the Morrison Formation (latest Jurassic), and is credited with the discoveries of Marshosaurus, Stokesosaurus, and the first-known Jurassic ankylosaurs. Mantell, Gideon Algernon: February 3, 1790 - November 10, 1852. Mantell published the second dinosaur to be named, Iguanodon, in 1825. He made his living as a family doctor in the country, starting in 1818, but devoted most of his time to collecting fossils from Tilgate Forest in Sussex, England. Legend says it was she who found the tooth of Iguanodon on August 20, 1820, while she waited outside as Dr. Mantell made a house call, but so far there is no documented confirmation of this report. Mantell's other major work is "Models of Creation," published in 1844. Marsh, Othniel Charles: October 29, 1831 - March 18, 1899. Marsh founded the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University and became the first person in the United States to be hired as a professional vertebrate paleontologist by a university. He named some of the best-known dinosaurs, such as Allosaurus, Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Triceratops, Stegosaurus, and Camptosaurus. Marsh is also remembered as Edward Drinker Cope's formidable rival in the race for naming dinosaurs. McIntosh, John Stanton: January 6, 1923 - present. McIntosh received his Ph.D. in Physics from Yale University in 1952. His interest in dinosaurs began as a child, but when in college he was told to get a degree in a "real" field in order to get a job. McIntosh might have become the successor to Barnum Brown at the American Museum of Natural History if he had stayed in paleontology. No matter, McIntosh became the world's leading authority on sauropods. He is also the person who finally put the right head on Apatosaurus in 1979. O'Brien, Willis Harold: March 2, 1886 - November 8, 1962. O'Brien gave the movie screen its first realistic dinosaurs. In 1914 he invented the art of stop-motion photography for Hollywood. O'Brien moved clay mannequins a fraction of an inch at a time, recording each increment of motion with one frame of motion-picture film. When the film was projected, the viewer's vision saw the mannequins move as live animals on the screen. His most famous film is the legendary classic, the 1933 version of "King Kong." Osborn, Henry Fairfield: August 8, 1857 - November 6, 1935. Osborn founded the Department of Vertebrate Paleontology at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, and made it THE MUSEUM in the United States. His major contributions to dinosaurs were (1) the naming of Tyrannosaurus rex on October 5, 1905 (found by Barnum Brown); and (2) organizing the Central Asiatic Expeditions to Mongolia, led by Roy Chapman Andrews. Ostrom, John Harold: February 18, 1928 - present. Ostrom graduated with a Ph.D. from Columbia University on the cranial crests of hadrosaurian dinosaurs under the tutelage of Edwin Colbert. In 1971 he joined the faculty of Yale University. Ostrom's most famous discovery was the sickle-clawed dinosaur, Deinonychus. He is also acknowledged for reintroducing the concepts that dinosaurs were "warm-blooded," and that birds are the direct descendants of dinosaurs. Owen, Sir Richard: July 20, 1804 - December 18, 1892. Owen coined the word, "dinosaur," in a speech on August 2, 1841. His early works on fossil reptiles made him the pre-eminent vertebrate paleontologist in the world. For a short time he studied under Cuvier in Paris. In 1856, Owen began his career at the British Museum, an institution he helped to found. His personal lectures earned him the favor of Queen Victoria, a relationship that garnered him a house and a government pension. His last years were spent in a losing argument against "Darwinism." Riggs, Elmer S.: January 23, 1859 - March 25, 1963. Riggs gained fame as the man who named Brachiosaurus. In 1898 he joined the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, where he spent his entire career until he retired in 1963. Riggs was the first proponent of sauropods being fully erect terrestrial animals, although his theory was not accepted for almost fifty years. He also stated (1902) that Apatosaurus and Brontosaurus were the same animal, but it was almost 80 years before his concept was fully accepted. Seeley, Henry Govier: February 18, 1839 - January 8, 1909. Seeley was educated at Cambridge University by Adam Sedgewick, a legendary geologist, who coincidentally was Darwin's teacher, too. Seeley's chief claims to fame are the mammal-like reptiles he collected in the Karoo Basin of South Africa, and his division of the Dinosauria into two great orders, the Saurischia and Ornithischia. Seeley was the first to state that (1) pterosaurs were "warm-blooded" and (2) they had relatively larger brains than most other reptiles. Sibbick, John: May 15, 1949 - Present. Sibbick is a British artist whose paintings of dinosaurs are well known for their exceptional quality. He trained at the Guildford Art School, Surrey, where he studied both graphic design and illustration. Perhaps his best-known work is in David Norman's book, "The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs," for which Sibbick did all the illustrations. Sternberg, Charles Hazelius: June 15, 1850 - July 21, 1943. Sternberg was one of the foremost field paleontologists of all time, and the father of three other prodigious collectors: George F., Charles M., and Levi. Sternberg collected for E. D. Cope during 1876-1879, 1894, and 1896-1897. His most renowned discovery is the mummified duck-billed dinosaur now at the American Museum of Natural History. A tragic loss in 1916 was a shipment of two excellent duckbills to the British Museum on a ship that was torpedoed and sunk by a German U- boat. Sternberg, Charles Mortram: September 18, 1885 - September 8, 1981. He was the son of Charles Hazelius Sternberg and brother of George and Levi, together the famous Sternberg Clan. Initially Charles hated field work because it was so hard, but soon after finding his own dinosaurs he became enraptured with dinosaur paleontology. Most of his best-known finds were ceratopsian dinosaurs. His entire scientific career was with the National Museum of Canada, and he was one of the founders of Dinosaur Provincial Park. Charles M. Sternberg published more that 45 scientific papers. Williston, Samuel Wendell: July 10, 1852 - August 30, 1918. Williston collected for O. C. Marsh from 1875 until 1890, and also served him as a field leader of the great Marsh dinosaur expeditions in the western states. In 1902 Williston became a professor at the University of Chicago, where he began to specialize on the reptiles of the Permian System. His most important scientific work was "The Osteology of the Reptiles." Williston died during the great worldwide flu epidemic of 1918. His biography, "Fossils and Flies," is an excellent history of vertebrate paleontology. Zallinger, Rudolph: November 12, 1919 - present. Zallinger's 110-foot mural, "The Age of Reptiles," is one of the world's best-known paintings of dinosaurs. It is on the wall of the Dinosaur Hall of the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University. The mural was completed June 6, 1947, and was the cover of Time Magazine. Zallinger received a Pulitzer Award for this work in 1949. Dodson, Peter: August 20, 1946 - present. Dodson earned his doctorate under dinosaur specialist John Ostrom at Yale University. Dr. Dodson is most noted for his studies of dinosaur burial at Dinosaur Provincial Park in Alberta, his skull studies of duckbills and protoceratopsians, and as one of the editors of the invaluable text, The Dinosauria. Sereno, Paul: October 11, 1957 - present. Serenos Ph.D. is from Columbia University, where he did his dissertation on the evolutionary relationships of Psittacosaurus in Asia. He is an Associate Professor in the Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy at the University of Chicago, and is best known for his field work in Argentina; his cladistic re-classification of the dinosaurs; and Eoraptor, the earliest-known dinosaur, which he co-discovered with Fernando Novas in 1992. Hotton, Nicholas, III: January 28, 1921 - present. Hotton was Curator of Fossil Amphibians and Reptiles at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, from 1959 through 1993. Although best-known as a specialist in mammal-like reptiles of the Permo-Triassic, his dinosaur contributions include (1) the hypothesis of dinosaur migrations and (2) the idea that dinosaurs out- competed mammals in the Triassic because reptiles were better adapted to arid condtions. Weishampel, David: November 16, 1952 - present. Weishampel obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania under Peter Dodson, and is noted for his research on how ornithopods cropped their food, the study of hadrosaur vocalizations, and as senior editor of the invaluable text, The Dinosauria. Sues, Hans-Dieter: January 13, 1956 - present. Since receiving his Ph.D. in 1984, his contributions to dinosaurian paleontology have been in the areas of phylogeny, anatomy, and early Mesozoic extinction events. Currently an Associate Curator in the Department of Vertebrate Zoology at the Royal Ontario Museum, and Associate Professor of Zoology with the University of Toronto, he is doing research on: a new theropod from Alberta; Maiasaura (with J. R. Horner); and dinosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous of northern Niger as part of a research team headed by P. C. 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